Garbled Circuits
Benchmarks
Garbled Circuits
Benchmarks
This benchmark suite compares the performance of Gateway’s garbled circuits implementation against TFHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption) for fundamental operations. All tests were performed using 128-bit integers to provide a comprehensive view of performance characteristics in privacy-preserving computation.
Performance Overview
Gateway consistently demonstrates superior performance compared to TFHE, with most operations completing in milliseconds rather than seconds. This performance difference makes Gateway particularly suitable for:
- Real-time applications
- High-throughput environments
- Performance-sensitive operations
- Complex computational workflows
Detailed Benchmarks
| Operation | Gateway Time (ms) | TFHE Time (ms) | Performance Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Bitwise Operations | |||
| Bitwise AND | 36.323 | 454.66 | ~12.5x faster |
| Bitwise XOR | 34.371 | 461.06 | ~13.4x faster |
| Bitwise NOT | 35.107 | 309.42 | ~8.8x faster |
| Bitwise OR | 38.793 | 458.68 | ~11.8x faster |
| Complex Bitwise Operations | |||
| NAND | 38.727 | 456.45 | ~11.8x faster |
| NOR | 39.228 | 457.36 | ~11.7x faster |
| XNOR | 35.852 | 457.43 | ~12.8x faster |
| Comparison Operations | |||
| Equality (EQ) | 38.752 | 527.59 | ~13.6x faster |
| Inequality (NEQ) | 38.855 | 524.97 | ~13.5x faster |
| Greater Than (GT) | 47.575 | 640.32 | ~13.5x faster |
| Less Than (LT) | 47.785 | 642.34 | ~13.4x faster |
| Greater Than or Equal (GE) | 47.580 | 639.54 | ~13.4x faster |
| Less Than or Equal (LE) | 47.571 | 645.66 | ~13.6x faster |
| Arithmetic Operations | |||
| Addition | 41.681 | 833.84 | ~20x faster |
| Subtraction | 44.541 | 839.91 | ~18.9x faster |
| Multiplication | 1,040.8 | 15,932 | ~15.3x faster |
| Division | 3,408.9 | 91,404 | ~26.8x faster |
| Modulus | 3,434.3 | 87,183 | ~25.4x faster |
| Control Operations | |||
| MUX | 36.123 | 172.44 | ~4.8x faster |
Performance Analysis
Operation Categories
-
Bitwise Operations
- Consistently fast (34-39ms)
- 8-13x performance improvement over TFHE
- Ideal for logical operations and data manipulation
-
Comparison Operations
- Slightly higher latency (47-48ms)
- 13-14x faster than TFHE
- Efficient for conditional logic and sorting
-
Arithmetic Operations
- Simple operations (addition/subtraction): 41-45ms
- Complex operations (multiplication/division):
- Multiplication: ~1 second
- Division/Modulus: ~3.4 seconds
- 15-27x performance improvement over TFHE
-
Control Operations
- MUX operations complete in ~36ms
- ~5x faster than TFHE
- Efficient for conditional execution
Key Observations
- Gateway shows consistent performance advantages across all operation types
- Especially efficient for basic arithmetic and bitwise operations
- Complex operations like division show the most significant performance difference
- Suitable for both simple and complex computational workflows
Benchmark Environment
- Hardware: Apple M3 Pro
- Memory: 36 GB RAM
- Testing Methodology: Isolated function testing
- Integer Size: 128-bit
Implications for Development
When building applications using Gateway:
- Optimize complex operations (multiplication, division) for performance
- Leverage efficient bitwise operations where possible
- Consider operation costs when designing computational workflows
- Plan for longer execution times with complex arithmetic operations